前言

PipeWire开发工作最早可以追溯到2015年，最初被认为是 “视频领域的 PulseAudio"，但后来也扩展到了音频领域。2021年4月发布的 Fedora34 成为了第一个默认采用了这项技术的发行版，其他桌面 Linux 发行版之后也很快跟进。相比之下，Ubuntu 进度远远落后于其竞争对手。

PipeWire 的优点：
- 首先 PipeWire 的实现方式更新，开发也更加积极，bug 相对也就更少；
- 其次 PipeWire 有更好的硬件兼容性(PulseAudio 不支持很多新的蓝牙耳机)，还减少了 CPU 的使用，代码基础更现代化；
- 与PulseAudio相比，对现代蓝牙音频设备（例如，Apple Air Pods）的支持更好；

WirePlumber, 一个流行的PipeWire会话和策略管理器。

Ubuntu 22.04 LTS 的默认镜像会同时安装 PipeWire 和 PulseAudio。 PipeWire 只用于视频，PulseAudio 处理音频。需要手动将 PipeWire 设为默认的音频服务器。
Ubuntu 22.10（代号 "Kinetic Kudu"）开发版本的日常构建中，Pipewire已经取代了 PulseAudio，成为了 Ubuntu 的默认音频服务器，不再需要任何设置。

配置PipeWire为默认音频服务器

Ubuntu 22.04部分安装并启用了PipeWire。启用剩余的部分，并使用PipeWire进行音频和蓝牙，而不是PulseAudio。

安装

检查环境

Pipewire预先安装，并自动作为后台服务运行。在终端运行下面的命令来进行确认

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systemctl --user status pipewire pipewire-session-manager

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● pipewire.service - PipeWire Multimedia Service
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/user/pipewire.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Thu 2022-09-29 14:21:51 CST; 8min ago
TriggeredBy: ● pipewire.socket
   Main PID: 2657 (pipewire)
      Tasks: 2 (limit: 75541)
     Memory: 6.6M
        CPU: 142ms
     CGroup: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/user@1000.service/session.slice/pipewire.service
             └─2657 /usr/bin/pipewire

Sep 29 14:21:51 hex-Pad systemd[2650]: Started PipeWire Multimedia Service.
Sep 29 14:21:51 hex-Pad pipewire[2657]: Cannot connect to server socket err = 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 29 14:21:51 hex-Pad pipewire[2657]: Cannot connect to server request channel
Sep 29 14:21:51 hex-Pad pipewire[2657]: jack server is not running or cannot be started
Sep 29 14:21:51 hex-Pad pipewire[2657]: JackShmReadWritePtr::~JackShmReadWritePtr - Init not done for -1, skipping unlock
Sep 29 14:21:51 hex-Pad pipewire[2657]: JackShmReadWritePtr::~JackShmReadWritePtr - Init not done for -1, skipping unlock
Sep 29 14:21:51 hex-Pad pipewire[2657]: jack-device 0x5595b2c0bd58: can't open client: 拒绝连接

● pipewire-media-session.service - PipeWire Media Session Manager
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/user/pipewire-media-session.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Thu 2022-09-29 14:21:51 CST; 8min ago
   Main PID: 2658 (pipewire-media-)
      Tasks: 2 (limit: 75541)
     Memory: 4.9M
        CPU: 108ms
     CGroup: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/user@1000.service/session.slice/pipewire-media-session.service
             └─2658 /usr/bin/pipewire-media-session

Sep 29 14:21:51 hex-Pad systemd[2650]: Started PipeWire Media Session Manager.

安装客户端包

默认情况下，音频输出并。运行命令安装客户端库：

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sudo apt install pipewire-audio-client-libraries libspa-0.2-bluetooth libspa-0.2-jack

安装WirePlumber作为会话管理器：
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sudo apt install pipewire-media-session- wireplumber
注意’pipe - wire-media-session’后面的’-’。这是为了在同一个命令中删除它，因为将使用’wireplumber’代替。
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systemctl --user --now enable wireplumber.service

安装蓝牙编码器 AAC/LDAC/AptX:

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sudo apt install \
  libfdk-aac2 \
  libldacbt-{abr,enc}2 \
  libopenaptx0

配置

Wireplumber使事情变得非常容易！如果只想用PipeWire替换Pulseaudio，则启用媒体会话服务和重新启动，仅此而已！

ALSA客户端配置PipeWire输出

将PipeWire示例中的配置文件复制到ALSA配置目录中：

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sudo cp /usr/share/doc/pipewire/examples/alsa.conf.d/99-pipewire-default.conf /etc/alsa/conf.d/

JACK客户端配置PipeWire输出:

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sudo cp /usr/share/doc/pipewire/examples/ld.so.conf.d/pipewire-jack-*.conf /etc/ld.so.conf.d/

sudo ldconfig

Bluetooth客户端
只需删除此包装，蓝牙将由PipeWire处理：
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sudo apt remove pulseaudio-module-bluetooth

检查

通过客户端工具pactl检查：

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LANG=C pactl info | grep '^Server Name'

返回值

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Server Name: PulseAudio (on PipeWire 0.3.32)

通过systemctl检查pipewire服务状态

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systemctl --user status pipewire pipewire-session-manager

配置返回值

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● pipewire.service - PipeWire Multimedia Service
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/user/pipewire.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Thu 2022-09-29 14:21:51 CST; 13min ago
TriggeredBy: ● pipewire.socket
   Main PID: 2657 (pipewire)
      Tasks: 2 (limit: 75541)
     Memory: 7.7M
        CPU: 245ms
     CGroup: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/user@1000.service/session.slice/pipewire.service
             └─2657 /usr/bin/pipewire

Sep 29 14:21:51 hex-Pad systemd[2650]: Started PipeWire Multimedia Service.
Sep 29 14:21:51 hex-Pad pipewire[2657]: Cannot connect to server socket err = 没有那个文件或目录
Sep 29 14:21:51 hex-Pad pipewire[2657]: Cannot connect to server request channel
Sep 29 14:21:51 hex-Pad pipewire[2657]: jack server is not running or cannot be started
Sep 29 14:21:51 hex-Pad pipewire[2657]: JackShmReadWritePtr::~JackShmReadWritePtr - Init not done for -1, skipping unlock
Sep 29 14:21:51 hex-Pad pipewire[2657]: JackShmReadWritePtr::~JackShmReadWritePtr - Init not done for -1, skipping unlock
Sep 29 14:21:51 hex-Pad pipewire[2657]: jack-device 0x5595b2c0bd58: can't open client: 拒绝连接

● wireplumber.service - Multimedia Service Session Manager
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/user/wireplumber.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Thu 2022-09-29 14:33:58 CST; 1min 26s ago
   Main PID: 10292 (wireplumber)
      Tasks: 4 (limit: 75541)
     Memory: 7.2M
        CPU: 170ms
     CGroup: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/user@1000.service/session.slice/wireplumber.service
             └─10292 /usr/bin/wireplumber

Sep 29 14:33:58 hex-Pad systemd[2650]: Started Multimedia Service Session Manager.
Sep 29 14:33:58 hex-Pad wireplumber[10292]: Failed to set scheduler settings: Operation not permitted
Sep 29 14:33:59 hex-Pad wireplumber[10292]: <WpSiAudioAdapter:0x55ae534170e0> Object activation aborted: proxy destroyed
Sep 29 14:33:59 hex-Pad wireplumber[10292]: <WpSiAudioAdapter:0x55ae534170e0> failed to activate item: Object activation aborted: proxy destroyed

检查已安装deb包

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apt list --installed | grep libldac

apt list --installed | grep pipewire

apt show pipewire-pulse

其他问题

1. systemctl –user status 执行失败

ubuntu22.04 登录会出现问题，导致出现报错

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process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1

原因是：缺少环境变量XDG_RUNTIME_DIR，怀疑之前将18.04$HOME目录下内容覆盖了22.04下的内容，导致~/.profile或~/.bashrc的内容出现问题。目前通过下面命令进行屏蔽

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echo "export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/$(id -u)" >> /$HOME/.profile

2. wireplumber在pipewire-media-session未卸载之前，为masked状态无法enable

mask 是个比disable更彻底的状态。
使用disable会删除服务相关的unit-file；
使用mask则会将其link至/dev/null，其对比disable的优势是防止任何形式的激活，包括手动
systemctl list-unit-files命令来显示unit-files的状态，(static, enabled, disabled, masked, indirect)
systemctl list-units命令来显示服务的状态

3. 恢复pulseaudio为音频处理

要撤消更改，首先删除客户端库：

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sudo apt remove pipewire-audio-client-libraries libspa-0.2-bluetooth libspa-0.2-jack

删除WirePlumber并安装以前的pipewire-media-session

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sudo apt install pipewire-media-session wireplumber-

最后，重新启用PipeWire-Media-Session服务：

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rm -f ~/.config/systemd/user/pipewire-session-manager.service
systemctl --user --now enable pipewire-media-session

如果声音仍无法正常工作，尝试通过命令禁用PipeWire-Pulse服务：

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# 当前用户
systemctl --user --now disable pipewire-pulse.service pipewire-pulse.socket
# 全局
sudo systemctl --global --now disable pipewire-pulse.service pipewire-pulse.socket

重新启用re-enable pulseaudio服务：

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# 当前用户
systemctl --user --now reenable pulseaudio.service pulseaudio.socket
# 全局
sudo systemctl --global --now reenable pulseaudio.service pulseaudio.socket

重启

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systemctl --user restart pulseaudio

reboot

Reference

上下文：

PipeWire is the default audio server in Ubuntu 22.10.

PipeWire

wireplumber

配置：

Enable PipeWire on Ubuntu 22.04

How to Use PipeWire to replace PulseAudio in Ubuntu 22.04

其他

Why are some systemd services in the “masked” state?

Unmask a Masked Service in Systemd

Ubuntu22.04: 声卡驱动相关

前言